What are the forging categories

What are the forging categories
According to the forging temperature, it can be divided into hot forging, warm forging, and cold forging.
According to the forming mechanism, forging can be divided into free forging, die forging, ring rolling, and special forging.
1. Free forging. It refers to the processing method of forging by using simple universal tools or directly applying external forces between the upper and lower anvils of forging equipment to deform the billet and obtain the required geometric shape and internal quality. Forgings produced using the free forging method are called free forgings. Free forging mainly produces small batches of forgings, and uses forging equipment such as hammers and hydraulic presses to form and process the blanks, obtaining qualified forgings. The basic processes of free forging include upsetting, elongation, punching, cutting, bending, twisting, displacement, and forging. Free forging adopts hot forging method.
2. Die forging. Die forging can be divided into open die forging and closed die forging. Metal billets are formed by compression deformation in a forging die chamber with a certain shape to obtain forgings. Die forging is generally used to produce parts with small weight and large batches.
Die forging can be divided into hot die forging, warm forging, and cold forging. Warm forging and cold forging are the future development directions of die forging, and also represent the level of forging technology.
According to material classification, die forging can also be divided into black metal die forging, non-ferrous metal die forging, and powder product forming. As the name suggests, the materials are black metals such as carbon steel, non-ferrous metals such as copper and aluminum, and powder metallurgy materials.
Extrusion belongs to die forging, which can be divided into heavy metal extrusion and light metal extrusion.
Closed die forging and closed upsetting are two advanced processes of die forging, with high material utilization due to the absence of flash. It is possible to complete the precision machining of complex forgings using one or several processes. Due to the absence of flash, the stress area of the forging is reduced, and the required load is also reduced. However, it should be noted that the blank cannot be completely restricted. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the volume of the blank, control the relative position of the forging die, and measure the forging, in order to reduce the wear of the forging die.
3. Grinding ring. Ring rolling refers to the production of circular parts with different diameters using a specialized equipment ring rolling machine, which is also used to produce wheel shaped parts such as car wheels and train wheels.
4. Special forging. Special forging includes forging methods such as roll forging, cross wedge rolling, radial forging, and liquid die forging, all of which are more suitable for producing certain special shaped parts.
For example, roll forging can serve as an effective pre forming process, significantly reducing the subsequent forming pressure; Cross wedge rolling can produce parts such as steel balls and transmission shafts; Radial forging can produce large forgings such as gun barrels and step shafts.